摘要 :
An energy efficiency industry operating programs within the water and wastewater sector can speed the reduction of energy consumption. We examine the experience to date of a utility sponsored Northern California wastewater energy ...
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An energy efficiency industry operating programs within the water and wastewater sector can speed the reduction of energy consumption. We examine the experience to date of a utility sponsored Northern California wastewater energy efficiency program started in 2001. This program, called California Wastewater Process Optimization Program, or CalPOP, has been quite successful, and generated a wealth of experience and lessons learned. The primary objective of CalPOP is finding and implementing Energy Efficiency (EE) capital improvements that significantly reduce electricity or natural gas demands. CalPOP has found many unique EE measures in wastewater processing. Some, such as optimizing pumps and blowers, yield significant, reliable energy savings when properly evaluated and implemented. Other methods of saving energy, particularly those with less of a track record, are riskier and do not always perform as predicted. Non-technical factors have been critical to the success of the program, in the form of addressing organizational barriers and drivers that impact the probability of implementation. To date, the great majority of EE measures proposed by CalPOP have been, or are expected to be, implemented. CalPOP has been deemed a success by the objective standards used to measure California EE programs. The lessons learned are presented within a strategy of risk management.
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摘要 :
An energy efficiency industry operating programs within the water and wastewater sector can
speed the reduction of energy consumption. We examine the experience to date of a utility
sponsored Northern California wastewater energy ...
展开
An energy efficiency industry operating programs within the water and wastewater sector can
speed the reduction of energy consumption. We examine the experience to date of a utility
sponsored Northern California wastewater energy efficiency program started in 2001. This
program, called California Wastewater Process Optimization Program, or CalPOP, has been
quite successful, and generated a wealth of experience and lessons learned. The primary
objective of CalPOP is finding and implementing Energy Efficiency (EE) capital improvements
that significantly reduce electricity or natural gas demands. CalPOP has found many unique EE
measures in wastewater processing. Some, such as optimizing pumps and blowers, yield
significant, reliable energy savings when properly evaluated and implemented. Other methods of
saving energy, particularly those with less of a track record, are riskier and do not always
perform as predicted. Non-technical factors have been critical to the success of the program, in
the form of addressing organizational barriers and drivers that impact the probability of
implementation. To date, the great majority of EE measures proposed by CalPOP have been, or
are expected to be, implemented. CalPOP has been deemed a success by the objective standards
used to measure California EE programs. The lessons learned are presented within a strategy of
risk management.
收起
摘要 :
An energy efficiency industry operating programs within the water and wastewater sector can
speed the reduction of energy consumption. We examine the experience to date of a utility
sponsored Northern California wastewater energ...
展开
An energy efficiency industry operating programs within the water and wastewater sector can
speed the reduction of energy consumption. We examine the experience to date of a utility
sponsored Northern California wastewater energy efficiency program started in 2001. This
program, called California Wastewater Process Optimization Program, or CalPOP, has been
quite successful, and generated a wealth of experience and lessons learned. The primary
objective of CalPOP is finding and implementing Energy Efficiency (EE) capital improvements
that significantly reduce electricity or natural gas demands. CalPOP has found many unique EE
measures in wastewater processing. Some, such as optimizing pumps and blowers, yield
significant, reliable energy savings when properly evaluated and implemented. Other methods of
saving energy, particularly those with less of a track record, are riskier and do not always
perform as predicted. Non-technical factors have been critical to the success of the program, in
the form of addressing organizational barriers and drivers that impact the probability of
implementation. To date, the great majority of EE measures proposed by CalPOP have been, or
are expected to be, implemented. CalPOP has been deemed a success by the objective standards
used to measure California EE programs. The lessons learned are presented within a strategy of
risk management.
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摘要 :
Despite strong political efforts across Europe, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) seem to neglect adopting effective measures for energy efficiency. Adopting a cultural perspective and based on a study among industrial SME...
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Despite strong political efforts across Europe, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) seem to neglect adopting effective measures for energy efficiency. Adopting a cultural perspective and based on a study among industrial SMEs in Southern Germany, we investigate what drives decisions for energy efficiency in SMEs and how energy management contributes to closing the energy efficiency gap. The study follows a mixed-methods approach and combines eleven ethnographic case studies and a quantitative survey among 500 manufacturing SMEs in Southern Germany. The main contribution of the paper is to offer a perspective on energy efficiency in SMEs beyond the diffusion of energy-efficient technology. By contrast, our results strongly suggest that the diffusion of energy efficiency in industrial companies should not be solely reduced to decisions for technical measures. We shed light on how energy efficiency is established and the importance of energy management in SMEs. Our study shows that energy efficiency is well established in the investigated SMEs. At the same time, establishment cannot be explained by company size or energy demand. By contrast, the contextual environment of the company and the individual leadership of the company appear to have a more substantial influence. The embedding of energy efficiency in corporate strategy, a broad spectrum of different practices, the involvement of the employees, actions for raising awareness in everyday work life, and distributing attention by organizational measures constitute the driving forces in establishing energy efficiency, and these drivers can be subsumed under the label of energy management.
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摘要 :
Despite strong political efforts across Europe, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) seem to neglect adopting effective measures for energy efficiency. Adopting a cultural perspective and based on a study among industrial SME...
展开
Despite strong political efforts across Europe, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) seem to neglect adopting effective measures for energy efficiency. Adopting a cultural perspective and based on a study among industrial SMEs in Southern Germany, we investigate what drives decisions for energy efficiency in SMEs and how energy management contributes to closing the energy efficiency gap. The study follows a mixed-methods approach and combines eleven ethnographic case studies and a quantitative survey among 500 manufacturing SMEs in Southern Germany. The main contribution of the paper is to offer a perspective on energy efficiency in SMEs beyond the diffusion of energy-efficient technology. By contrast, our results strongly suggest that the diffusion of energy efficiency in industrial companies should not be solely reduced to decisions for technical measures. We shed light on how energy efficiency is established and the importance of energy management in SMEs. Our study shows that energy efficiency is well established in the investigated SMEs. At the same time, establishment cannot be explained by company size or energy demand. By contrast, the contextual environment of the company and the individual leadership of the company appear to have a more substantial influence. The embedding of energy efficiency in corporate strategy, a broad spectrum of different practices, the involvement of the employees, actions for raising awareness in everyday work life, and distributing attention by organizational measures constitute the driving forces in establishing energy efficiency, and these drivers can be subsumed under the label of energy management.
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摘要 :
Energy Efficiency is one of the cornerstones of European and International energy policy. Technical standardization can contribute to promote energy efficient technologies and solutions and ultimately to reach the targets of energ...
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Energy Efficiency is one of the cornerstones of European and International energy policy. Technical standardization can contribute to promote energy efficient technologies and solutions and ultimately to reach the targets of energy efficiency improvement and CO_2 reduction. This paper provides an overview of the main existing technical standards in the domain of energy efficiency measurement and monitoring. This paper maps these standards against a taxonomy to identify useful references to support the process of designing, implementing, operating and maintaining an "energy efficiency measurement and monitoring system" and eventually to identify gaps that may be covered by future standardization activity. ISO, IEC, CEN and CLC standards published before 28 February 2016 will be analyzed. This paper aims at contributing to the work of CEN-CENELEC JWG9 "Energy measurement plan for organizations" by providing background information for the development of its standards and eventually a tool for identifying gaps for future work.
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摘要 :
Energy Efficiency is one of the cornerstones of European and International energy policy. Technical standardization can contribute to promote energy efficient technologies and solutions and ultimately to reach the targets of energ...
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Energy Efficiency is one of the cornerstones of European and International energy policy. Technical standardization can contribute to promote energy efficient technologies and solutions and ultimately to reach the targets of energy efficiency improvement and C02 reduction. This paper provides an overview of the main existing technical standards in the domain of energy efficiency measurement and monitoring. This paper maps these standards against a taxonomy to identify useful references to support the process of designing, implementing, operating and maintaining an "energy efficiency measurement and monitoring system" and eventually to identify gaps that may be covered by future standardization activity. ISO, IEC, CEN and CLC standards published before 28 February 2016 will be analyzed. This paper aims at contributing to the work of CEN-CENELEC JWG9 "Energy measurement plan for organizations" by providing background information for the development of its standards and eventually a tool for identifying gaps for future work.
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Energy efficiency networks (EENs) have established themselves as a firm fixture in the global energy efficiency landscape. At least 21 countries and all continents except Australia have experience with energy efficiency networks t...
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Energy efficiency networks (EENs) have established themselves as a firm fixture in the global energy efficiency landscape. At least 21 countries and all continents except Australia have experience with energy efficiency networks to this point. The authors count 1,333 EENs worldwide, with Germany and China far ahead of other countries in terms of absolute numbers. Next, this paper offers insights from the monitoring of the German Initiative Energy Efficiency Networks, set up as a voluntary measure within the framework of the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency in 2014. To date, 272 EENs have registered under this programme. The results of the accompanying monitoring are represented separately for different levels: that of networks, that of participating companies and that of individual energy efficiency measures implemented. Across these different levels, a large heterogeneity in terms of the main parameters such as energy and CO_2 savings can be observed, highlighting the diversity of participating companies and the contexts they operate in. Also presented are the factors which seem to contribute to the successful or less successful operation of the networks. Finally, the paper offers a short discussion on the operational and political choices faced by the potential future initiators of an energy efficiency networks initiative.
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摘要 :
Energy efficiency networks (EENs) have established themselves as a firm fixture in the global energy efficiency landscape. At least 21 countries and all continents except Australia have experience with energy efficiency networks t...
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Energy efficiency networks (EENs) have established themselves as a firm fixture in the global energy efficiency landscape. At least 21 countries and all continents except Australia have experience with energy efficiency networks to this point. The authors count 1,333 EENs worldwide, with Germany and China far ahead of other countries in terms of absolute numbers. Next, this paper offers insights from the monitoring of the German Initiative Energy Efficiency Networks, set up as a voluntary measure within the framework of the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency in 2014. To date, 272 EENs have registered under this programme. The results of the accompanying monitoring are represented separately for different levels: that of networks, that of participating companies and that of individual energy efficiency measures implemented. Across these different levels, a large heterogeneity in terms of the main parameters such as energy and CO_2 savings can be observed, highlighting the diversity of participating companies and the contexts they operate in. Also presented are the factors which seem to contribute to the successful or less successful operation of the networks. Finally, the paper offers a short discussion on the operational and political choices faced by the potential future initiators of an energy efficiency networks initiative.
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In this paper, the electrical energy audit performed for the development of the electrical energy efficiency measures EEMs in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Penang is discussed. The energy audit showed that the buildings consume...
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In this paper, the electrical energy audit performed for the development of the electrical energy efficiency measures EEMs in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Penang is discussed. The energy audit showed that the buildings consumed a monthly average electrical energy of 1.5 million kWh and having a potential to save 0.15 million kWh of energy, a 10% electrical energy saving potential. The energy audit was carried out on the lighting system and air conditioning system in UiTM Penang, the systems consuming 25% and 56% of total electrical energy utilized by UiTM respectively and the equipment were found to be operating at low energy efficiency. Failure to switch off electrical equipment even when not required being in operation, absence of switch signage's, inadequate effective control systems, low efficient equipments and systems were identified to be the major causes of energy losses and wastes in the buildings. To improve the electrical energy performance in buildings, an enhanced level of awareness to reduce energy waste, the use of efficient equipment and control systems is found to be the most effective energy efficiency measures strategy to improve the lighting and air conditioning system efficiency in the buildings. The benefits of implementing the energy efficiency measures in buildings are substantial both in terms of energy savings and cost savings.
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